Belajar Sructure and Written Expression TOEFL dengan Mudah dan Lebih Rinci

Belajar Sructure and Written Expression TOEFL

Structure and Written Expression Overview

This section has two types of questions:

1. Structure (Sentence Completion) – Fill in the blank with the correct grammatical option.

2. Written Expression (Error Identification) – Identify the incorrect word/phrase in a sentence.

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1. Structure (Sentence Completion) – Key Grammar Rules

You will see an incomplete sentence with four choices. Choose the best word or phrase to complete it correctly.

Common Grammar Topics:

• Subject-Verb Agreement

  • Incorrect: The list of items __ are__ on the table.

  • Correct: The list of items is on the table.

• Parallel Structure

  • Incorrect: She likes hiking, swimming, and to read.

  • Correct: She likes hiking, swimming, and reading.

• Word Order & Sentence Structure

  • Incorrect: He quickly was running to the bus.

  • Correct: He was running quickly to the bus.

• Correct Use of Connectors

  • Incorrect: Because it was raining, so we stayed home.

  • Correct: Because it was raining, we stayed home.

• Relative Clauses (Who, Which, That, Where, etc.)

  • Incorrect: The book who I read was interesting.

  • Correct: The book that I read was interesting.

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2. Written Expression (Error Identification) – Common Errors

You will see a sentence with four underlined parts. Choose the incorrect one.

Frequent Error Types:

1. Wrong Preposition

   • She is afraid from spiders. (Incorrect – should be afraid of)

2. Incorrect Verb Tense

   • Yesterday, he goes to the market. (Incorrect – should be went)

3. Incorrect Word Form

   • She has a beauty dress. (Incorrect – should be beautiful)

4. Missing Article (a, an, the)

   • He is best student in class. (Incorrect – needs the best)

5. Countable/Uncountable Noun Errors

• I need an information about the course. (Incorrect – should be some information)

TOEFL Structure and Written Expression Test (40 Questions)

Part 1: Structure (Questions 1-20) – Sentence Completion

Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Questions 1-5: Subject-Verb Agreement

1. The news about the accident ___ shocking to everyone.
   A) was
   B) were
   C) are
   D) have been

   Answer: A) was

   • Explanation: "News" is always singular → "was."

2. Neither the manager nor the employees ___ satisfied with the new policy.
   A) is
   B) are
   C) was
   D) has been

   Answer: B) are

   • Explanation: "Neither A nor B" follows the closest subject ("employees" = plural → "are").

3. Every student in the class ___ a laptop for the exam.
   A) need
   B) needs
   C) are needing
   D) have needed

   Answer: B) needs

   • Explanation: "Every" is singular → "needs."

4. The team ___ celebrating their victory.
   A) is
   B) are
   C) were
   D) have been

   Answer: A) is

   • Explanation: "Team" is treated as a single unit (singular).

5. Mathematics ___ a difficult subject for many students.
   A) is
   B) are
   C) were
   D) have been

   Answer: A) is

   • Explanation: Academic subjects ending in "-ics" (e.g., mathematics, physics) are singular.

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Questions 6-10: Parallel Structure

6. She likes to swim, to hike, and ___.
   A) reading
   B) to read
   C) reads
   D) read

   Answer: B) to read

   • Explanation: Parallel infinitive structure ("to swim, to hike, to read").

7. The company plans to expand its market, ___ new staff, and increase sales.
   A) hire
   B) hiring
   C) to hire
   D) hired

   Answer: A) hire

   • Explanation: Parallel structure with bare infinitives ("expand, hire, increase").

8. Not only does she speak French, but she also ___.
   A) writes it
   B) writing it
   C) to write it
   D) written it

   Answer: A) writes it

   • Explanation: Parallel verb structure after "not only...but also."

9. The teacher asked the students to review their notes, ___ the textbook, and practice problems.
   A) read
   B) reading
   C) to read
   D) have read

   Answer: A) read

   • Explanation: Parallel imperative structure ("review, read, practice").

10. To improve your English, you should read daily, ___ regularly, and speak often.
    A) listen
    B) listening
    C) to listen
    D) listened

    Answer: A) listen

    • Explanation: Parallel base verb structure ("read, listen, speak").

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Part 2: Written Expression (Questions 21-40) – Error Identification

Identify the underlined part that is incorrect.

Questions 21-25: Verb Tense Errors

21. She has (A) been working (B) here (C) since (D) three years.
    Error: D

    • Explanation: "Since" must be followed by a point in time ("since 2020"). Use "for three years."

22. When (A) he arrived (B) at the party, most guests (C) already left (D).
    Error: D

    • Explanation: Past perfect needed ("had already left") because the guests left before he arrived.

23. I (A) used to (B) drinking (C) coffee, but now I prefer tea (D).
    Error: C

    • Explanation: "Used to" + base verb ("drink"). "Be used to" + gerund ("drinking").

24. By (A) next month, he (B) will finish (C) his (D) research project.
    Error: C

    • Explanation: Future perfect needed ("will have finished") for actions completed before a future time.

25. The children (A) have been playing (B) outside (C) since (D) two hours.
    Error: D

    • Explanation: "Since" → point in time ("since noon"). Use "for two hours."

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Questions 26-30: Preposition & Article Errors

26. She is (A) interested (B) on (C) learning (D) Spanish.
    Error: C

    • Explanation: Correct phrase: "interested in."

27. He arrived (A) at (B) the train station (C) in (D) 7 PM.
    Error: D

    • Explanation: Use "at 7 PM" (for specific times).

28. She gave (A) me (B) *a* (C) good advice (D) about the interview.
    Error: C

    • Explanation: "Advice" is uncountable → no article ("some good advice").

29. They went (A) to (B) shopping (C) last (D) weekend.
    Error: B

    • Explanation: "Go shopping" (no preposition).

30. The (A) most of (B) students (C) enjoy (D) group projects.
    Error: A

    • Explanation: "Most students" (no "the" unless specified: "most of the students in this class").

Questions 31-35: Word Form Errors

31. The scientist's (A) discovery was (B) extreme (C) important (D) for medical research.
    Error: C

• Explanation: "Extreme" (adjective) should be "extremely" (adverb) to modify "important."

32. She spoke (A) quick (B) and (C) confident (D) during her presentation.
    Error: B & D

• Explanation: Both adjectives should be adverbs: "quickly" and "confidently."

33. The (A) beauty (B) scenery in the mountains (C) was (D) breathtaking.
    Error: B

• Explanation: "Beauty" (noun) should be "beautiful" (adjective) to describe "scenery."

34. He made (A) *a* (B) surprise (C) announcement (D) yesterday.
    Error: B

• Explanation: "Surprise" (noun/verb) should be "surprising" (adjective) to modify "announcement."

35. The (A) economy (B) grow (C) has been (D) steady this year.
    Error: C

• Explanation: "Grow" (verb) should be "growth" (noun) to serve as the subject.

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Questions 36-40: Comparative/Superlative & Word Choice Errors

36. This is (A) the most (B) unique (C) painting I (D) have ever seen.
    Error: B

• Explanation: "Unique" is absolute (cannot be "more" or "most" unique).

37. She is (A) taller (B) than (C) any student (D) in her class.
    Error: D

• Explanation: Use "any other student" to exclude herself from the comparison.

38. The (A) more (B) hard (C) you study, the (D) better your results.
    Error: B

• Explanation: "Hard" is an adverb here → "harder" (comparative form).

39. This restaurant (A) serves (B) the most delicious (C) food than (D) any other place in town.
    Error: C

• Explanation: Use "as delicious as" or "more delicious than" (not superlative + "than").

40. His (A) new book is (B) very (C) interesting than (D) his last one.
    Error: C

• Explanation: Comparative structure → "more interesting than."

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